text·book：

noun： a book that teaches a particular subject and that is used especially in schools and colleges 教科书；课本；教材

a school/medical/history, etc. textbook 学校、医学、历史等教科书

adjective

[only before noun] used to describe sth that is done exactly as it should be done, in the best possible way 规范的；标准的

a textbook example of how the game should be played这项比赛的标准示范

conversation：[countable, uncountable]

~ (with sb) (about sth) an informal talk involving a small group of people or only two; the activity of talking in this way （非正式）交谈，谈话

a telephone conversation电话交谈

I had a long conversation with her the other day. 前几天我与她作了一次长谈。

The main topic of conversation was the likely outcome of the election. 谈话的主题是选举可能的结果。

Don was deep in conversation with the girl on his right. 唐与他右边的女孩在专心交谈。

(BrE) to get into conversation with sb 开始与某人攀谈

(NAmE) to get into a conversation with sb开始与某人攀谈

The conversation turned to gardening. 话题转到了园艺上。

I tried to make conversation (= to speak in order to appear polite). 我设法找些话题。

aloud：

adverb

in a voice that other people can hear 出声地

The teacher listened to the children reading aloud. 老师听着孩子们朗读。

He read the letter aloud to us. 他把信念给我们听。

What am I going to do? she wondered aloud. “我怎么办呢？” 她疑惑地说。

pronunciation：

noun

[uncountable, countable] the way in which a language or a particular word or sound is pronounced 发音；读音

a guide to English pronunciation英语发音指南

There is more than one pronunciation of garage. garage 的读音不只一种。

相关词汇

cluster, consonant, diphthong, elide, intonation, phonetics, pronunciation, stress, tone, voiced

[singular] the way in which a particular person pronounces the words of a language （某人的）发音

Your pronunciation is excellent. 你的发音好极了。

相关词汇

alphabetical, definition, dictionary, entry, example, headword, meaning, part of speech, pronunciation, register

sentence：

noun

[countable] (grammar 语法) a set of words expressing a statement, a question or an order, usually containing a subject and a verb.

In written English sentences begin with a capital letter and end with a full stop/period ( . ), a question mark ( ? ) or an exclamation mark/exclamation point ( ! ). 句子

[countable, uncountable] the punishment given by a court 判决；宣判；判刑

a jail/prison sentence 判处监禁

a light/heavy sentence 轻判；重判

to be under sentence of death 被判处死刑

The judge passed sentence (= said what the punishment would be). 法官宣布了判决。

The prisoner has served (= completed) his sentence and will be released tomorrow. 犯人已服刑期满，明天将获释。

verb

[often passive] ~ sb (to sth) | ~ sb to do sth to say officially in court that sb is to receive a particular punishment 判决；宣判；判刑

to be sentenced to death/life imprisonment/three years in prison被判死刑／终身监禁／三年徒刑

patient：

noun

a person who is receiving medical treatment, especially in a hospital 接受治疗者，病人（尤指医院里的）

cancer patients癌症病人

相关词汇

cure, doctor, examine, medicine, patient, practice, prescribe, receptionist, specialist, surgeon

adjective

~ (with sb/sth) able to wait for a long time or accept annoying behaviour or difficulties without becoming angry 有耐心的；能忍耐的

Shes very patient with young children. 她对幼儿特别有耐心。

Youll just have to be patient and wait till Im finished. 你只能耐心点儿，等我把事情做完。

expression:

➤showing feelings/ideas 表达感情／思想

[uncountable, countable] things that people say, write or do in order to show their feelings, opinions and ideas 表示；表达；表露

Freedom of expression (= freedom to say what you think) is a basic human right. 言论自由是基本的人权。

(formal) The poets anger finds expression in (= is shown in) the last verse of the poem. 诗人的愤怒在诗的最后一节表达出来。

Only in his dreams does he give expression to his fears. 只有在梦里他的恐惧才能得以表露。

an expression of support表示支持

Expressions of sympathy flooded in from all over the country. 同情之意潮水般地从全国各地涌来。

➤on face 脸上

[countable] a look on a persons face that shows their thoughts or feelings 表情；神色 SYN look

There was a worried expression on her face. 她脸上流露出担心的神色。

an expression of

amazement/disbelief/horror 惊讶／不相信／恐怖的神色

His expression changed from surprise to one of amusement. 他的神情由惊变喜。

The expression in her eyes told me something was wrong. 她的眼神告诉我出事了。

facial expressions面部表情

➤in music/acting 音乐；表演

[uncountable] a strong show of feeling when you are playing music, speaking, acting, etc. （演奏乐曲、说话、表演等时流露的）感情，表情

Try to put a little more expression into it! 尽量注入更多的感情！

➤mathematics 数学

[countable] a group of signs that represent an idea or a quantity 式；表达式

discover:

verb

~ sth to be the first person to become aware that a particular place or thing exists （第一个）发现

Cook is credited with discovering Hawaii. 人们把发现夏威夷的功劳归于库克。

Scientists around the world are working to discover a cure for AIDS. 全世界的科学家都在努力寻找治疗艾滋病的方法。

相关词汇

colonize, discover, explore, pioneer, reconnaissance, scout, settle, terrain, territory, voyage

to find sb/sth that was hidden or that you did not expect to find （出乎意料地）发现，找到，发觉

~ sb/sth

Police discovered a large stash of drugs while searching the house. 警方搜查这栋房子时发现里面藏着一大批毒品。

We discovered this beach while we were sailing around the island. 我们在围绕这个海岛航行时发现了这个海滩。

~ sb/sth doing sth

He was discovered hiding in a shed. 人们发现他原来藏在棚屋里。

~ sb/sth + adj.

She was discovered dead at her home in Leeds. 人们发现她死在利兹的家里。

to find out about sth; to find some information about sth 了解到；认识到；查明

~ sth

Ive just discovered hang-gliding! 我刚知道有悬挂式滑翔运动！

~ (that)…

It was a shock to discover (that) he couldnt read.得知他不识字真令人震惊。

~ why, how, etc.…

We never did discover why she gave up her job. 我们一直弄不清楚她为什么辞职。

it is discovered that…

It was later discovered that the diaries were a fraud. 后来查明这些日记完全是伪造的。

sb/sth is discovered to be/have…

He was later discovered to be seriously ill. 后来才了解到他患了重病。

[often passive] ~ sb to be the first person to realize that sb is very good at singing, acting, etc. and help them to become successful and famous 发现（人才）

The singer was discovered while still at school. 这个歌唱家在上学的时候就受到赏识了。

secret：

adjective

known about by only a few people; kept hidden from others 秘密的；保密的；外人不得而知的

secret

information/meetings/talks 秘密信息／会议／会谈

~ (from sb)

He tried to keep it secret from his family. 这件事他试图瞒着家里。

Details of the proposals remain secret. 提议的细节仍不得而知。

a secret passage leading to the beach通往海滩的秘密通道

[only before noun] used to describe actions and behaviour that you do not tell other people about （指行为与习惯）暗中进行的，未公开的，隐秘的

Hes a secret drinker. 他偷偷地喝酒。

her secret fears她内心的担忧

a secret room秘室

[not usually before noun] ~ (about sth) (of a person or their behaviour 人或行为) liking to have secrets that other people do not know about; showing this 诡秘；神秘 SYN secretive

They were so secret about everything. 他们无论对什么都那样神秘兮兮的。

Jessica caught a secret smile flitting between the two of them. 杰西卡看见他们俩诡秘地相视一笑。

noun

[countable] something that is known about by only a few people and not told to others 秘密；机密

Can you keep a secret? 你能保守秘密吗？

The location of the ship is a closely guarded secret. 那艘船的位置是高度机密。

Shall we let him in on (= tell him) the secret? 我们要不要把秘密透露给他？

He made no secret of his ambition (= he didnt try to hide it). 他并没有掩饰自己的雄心壮志。

She was dismissed for revealing trade secrets. 她因泄露商业机密被解雇。

official/State secrets 官方／国家机密

(usually the secret) [singular] the best or only way to achieve sth; the way a particular person achieves sth 诀窍；秘诀

Careful planning is the secret of success. 仔细计划是成功的诀窍。

She still looks so young. Whats her secret? 她看上去依旧那么年轻，她的保养秘诀是什么呢？

[countable, usually plural] a thing that is not yet fully understood or that is difficult to understand 奥秘；奥妙

the secrets of the universe宇宙的奥秘

look up:

(informal) (of business, sbs situation, etc. 生意、某人的情况等) to become better 好转；改善 SYN improve

At last things were beginning to look up. 情况终于开始好转了。

grammar:

noun

[uncountable] the rules in a language for changing the form of words and joining them into sentences 语法；文法

the basic rules of grammar基本语法规则

English grammar英语语法

[uncountable] a persons knowledge and use of a language （人的）语言知识及运用能力

His grammar is appalling. 他运用语言的能力糟透了。

bad grammar极差的语言运用能力

[countable] a book containing a description of the rules of a language 语法书

a French grammar法语语法书

repeat:

verb

➤say/write again 重复说／写

[transitive] to say or write sth again or more than once 重复；重说；重写

~ sth

to repeat a question重复一遍问题

Im sorry—could you repeat that? 对不起，你可以再说一遍吗？

She kept repeating his name softly over and over again. 她轻声地一遍又一遍地重复着他的名字。

The opposition have been repeating their calls for the presidents resignation. 反对派一再要求总统辞职。

~ yourself

Do say if Im repeating myself (= if I have already said this). 如果我在重复自己说过的话，请直言。

~ that…

Hes fond of repeating that the companys success is all down to him. 他老爱说公司的成功全都归功于他。

➤do again 重做

[transitive, intransitive] ~ (sth) to do or produce sth again or more than once 重做；重新推出；重复

to repeat a mistake/a process/an exercise重复一个错误／过程；反复练习

The treatment should be repeated every two to three hours. 这种治疗方法应该每隔两到三小时重复一次。

They are hoping to repeat last years victory. 他们希望重复去年的胜利。

These offers are unlikely to be repeated. 这样的出价不大可能再有了。

The programmes will be repeated next year. 明年将继续开设这些课程。

to repeat the class/year/grade (= in a school, to take the class/year/grade again) 重修这门课；重读一年；留级

Lift and lower the right leg 20 times. Repeat with the left leg. 将右腿提放 20 次，换左腿重复同样的动作。

➤happen again 再次发生

[transitive, intransitive] ~ (sth/itself) to happen more than once in the same way 重复发生；再次发生

History has a strange way of repeating itself. 历史会奇怪地重演。

a repeating pattern/design重复出现的图案／设计

➤what sb else said 他人的话

[transitive] to tell sb sth that you have heard or been told by sb else 转述；转告

~ sth to sb

I dont want you to repeat a word of this to anyone. 这些话你一个字也不要告诉别人。

~ sth

The rumour has been widely repeated in the press. 报界广泛转载了这一传闻。

[transitive] to say sth that sb else has said, especially in order to learn it 复述，跟读（尤指为学习）

~ sth (after sb)

Listen and repeat each sentence after me. 先听再跟着我朗读每个句子。

~ what…

Can you repeat what Ive just said word for word? 你能一字不差地复述我刚才说过的话吗？

+ speech

Are you really sure? she repeated. “你真的很肯定吗？” 她再次问道。

➤of food 食物

[intransitive] ~ (on sb) (BrE, informal) if food repeats, you can taste it for some time after you have eaten it 留有余味

Do you find that onions repeat on you? 你是不是觉得吃了洋葱嘴里老有一股味儿？

➤for emphasis 强调

[intransitive, transitive] used to emphasize sth that you have already said （强调说过的话）再说一遍

The claims are, I repeat, totally unfounded. 我再说一遍，这些说法是毫无根据的。

~ sth

I am not, repeat not, travelling in the same car as him! 我不会，再说一遍，不会和他坐同一辆车的！

note:

noun

➤to remind you 提醒自己

[countable] a short piece of writing to help you remember sth 笔记；记录

Please make a note of the dates. 请记下日期。

She made a mental note (= decided that she must remember) to ask Alan about it. 她提醒自己要记住向艾伦问问这事。

➤short letter 短信

[countable] a short informal letter 短笺；便条

Just a quick note to say thank you for a wonderful evening. 仅以此短笺感谢您安排的美好夜晚。

She left a note for Ben on the kitchen table. 她在厨房的餐桌上给本留了个便条。

a suicide note绝命书

➤in book 书籍

[countable] a short comment on a word or passage in a book 注释；按语；批注

a new edition of Hamlet, with explanatory notes附注释的新版《哈姆雷特》

➤information 资料

notes [plural] information that you write down when sb is speaking, or when you are reading a book, etc. （听讲或读书等时的）记录，笔记

He sat taking notes of everything that was said. 他坐在那儿记下了所说的每一件事。

Can I borrow your lecture notes? 我可以借你的课堂笔记看看吗？

Patients medical notes have gone missing. 患者的病历丢失了。

[countable, usually plural] information about a performance, an actors career, a piece of music, etc. printed in a special book or on a CD case, record cover, etc. （有关演出、演员经历、音乐等的）图书资料，录音或唱片等封套介绍

The sleeve notes include a short biography of the performers on this recording. 封套上的介绍包括本唱片中的演奏者生平简介。

➤money 钱币

(BrE) (also bank·note especially in BrE ) (NAmE usually bill) [countable] a piece of paper money 纸币

a £5 note一张面值为 5 英镑的纸币

We only exchange notes and travellers cheques. 我们只兑换纸币和旅行支票。

➤in music 音乐

[countable] a single sound of a particular length and pitch (= how high or low a sound is), made by the voice or a musical instrument; the written or printed sign for a musical note 单音；音调；音符

He played the first few notes of the tune. 他演奏了这支曲子开始的几个音。

high/low notes 高音；低音

pal:

noun

(informal, becoming old-fashioned) a friend 朋友；伙伴；哥们儿

Weve been pals for years. 我们是多年的哥们儿了。

(informal) used to address a man in an unfriendly way （对男子的不友好的称呼）家伙，小子

If I were you, pal, Id stay away from her! 我要是你呀，小子，我就离她远远的！

physics:

noun

[uncountable]

the scientific study of matter and energy and the relationships between them, including the study of forces, heat, light, sound, electricity and the structure of atoms 物理学

a degree in physics物理学学位

particle/nuclear/theoretical physics 粒子／核／理论物理学

the laws of physics物理定律

a school physics department学校的物理系

to study the physics of the electron研究电子物理

chemistry:

noun

[uncountable]

the scientific study of the structure of substances, how they react when combined or in contact with one another, and how they behave under different conditions 化学

a degree in chemistry化学学位

the universitys chemistry department那所大学的化学系

inorganic/organic chemistry 无机／有机化学

(specialist) the chemical structure and behaviour of a particular substance 物质的化学组成（或性质）

the chemistry of copper铜的化学性质

The patients blood chemistry was monitored regularly. 那名患者的血液化学成分受到了定时的监测。

the relationship between two people, usually a strong sexual attraction （常指有强烈性吸引力的）两人间的关系

sexual chemistry相互吸引的两性关系

The chemistry just wasnt right. 他俩就是擦不出火花。

memorize:

verb

~ sth to learn sth carefully so that you can remember it exactly 记忆；记住

to memorize a poem记住一首诗

pattern:

noun

the regular way in which sth happens or is done 模式；方式

changing patterns of behaviour变化行为模式

an irregular sleeping pattern不规律的睡眠模式

The murders all seem to follow a (similar) pattern (= happen in the same way).这些凶杀案似乎同出一辙。

[usually singular] an excellent example to copy 范例；典范；榜样；样板

This system sets the pattern for others to follow. 这个系统堪为他人仿效的典范。

a regular arrangement of lines, shapes, colours, etc. as a design on material, carpets, etc. 图案；花样；式样

a pattern of diamonds and squares菱形和正方形构成的图案

a shirt with a floral pattern一件花衬衣

a design, set of instructions or shape to cut around that you use in order to make sth 模型；底样；纸样

a knitting pattern编织图样

She bought a dress pattern and some material. 她买了一幅衣服纸样和一些衣料。

a small piece of material, paper, etc. that helps you choose the design of sth 样品；样本 SYN sample

wallpaper patterns壁纸样品

verb

~ sth to form a regular arrangement of lines or shapes on sth 构成图案（或花样）

Frost patterned the window. 霜在窗子上形成了图案。

a landscape patterned by vineyards由一片片葡萄园构成的风景图

~ sth (specialist) to cause a particular type of behaviour to develop 使形成，促成（某行为模式）

Adult behaviour is often patterned by childhood experiences. 成年人的行为模式往往受童年经历影响。

pronounce:

verb

~ sth to make the sound of a word or letter in a particular way 发音；读（音）

Very few people can pronounce my name correctly. 很少人能把我的名字念正确。

The b in lamb is not pronounced. lamb 中的 b 不发音。

 ➡  see also pronunciation, unpronounceable

(formal) to say or give sth formally, officially or publicly 正式宣布（或公布、授予等）

~ sth

to pronounce an opinion发表意见

The judge will pronounce sentence today. 法官将于今天宣判。

~ sb/sth + noun

She pronounced him the winner of the competition. 她宣布他是竞赛的优胜者。

I now pronounce you man and wife (= in a marriage ceremony). 现在正式宣布你们结为夫妻。

~ sb/sth + adj.

She was pronounced dead on arrival at the hospital. 到达医院时她被宣布已经死亡。

~ sb/sth to be/have sth

He pronounced the country to be in a state of war. 他宣布全国进入战争状态。

~ that…

She pronounced that an error had been made. 她宣称曾经有个错误。

+ speech

Its pneumonia, he pronounced gravely. “是肺炎。” 他沉重地宣布。

proˈnounce for/against sb

(law 法律) to give a judgement in court for or against sb 作出有利（或不利）于…的判决；判…胜诉（或败诉）

The judge pronounced for (= in favour of) the defendant. 法官宣布被告胜诉。

proˈnounce on/upon sth

(formal) to state your opinion on sth, or give a decision about sth 就…表态（或作决定）

The minister will pronounce on further security measures later today. 今天稍后，部长将发表进一步的安全措施。

increase:

verb

BrE /ɪnˈkriːs/ NAmE /ɪnˈkriːs/ [intransitive, transitive] to become or to make sth greater in amount, number, value, etc. （使）增长，增多；增加

~ (from A) (to B)

The population has increased from 1.2 million to 1.8 million. 人口已从 120 万增加到了 180 万。

increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the earths atmosphere地球大气层中日益增多的二氧化碳含量

The price of oil increased. 石油价格上涨了。

~ in sth

Oil increased in price. 石油价格上涨了。

~ by sth

The rate of inflation increased by 2%. 通货膨胀率增长了 2%。

~ with sth

Disability increases with age (= the older sb is, the more likely they are to be disabled). 身体机能随着年龄退化。

~ sth (from A) (to B)

We need to increase productivity. 我们需要提高生产力。

~ sth (by sth)

Theyve increased the price by 50%. 他们已经把价格提高了 50%。

OPP decrease

speed:

➤rate of movement/action 运动／行动速率

[countable, uncountable] the rate at which sb/sth moves or travels （运动的）速度，速率

He reduced speed and turned sharp left. 他减慢速度，向左急转。

The train began to pick up speed (= go faster). 火车开始加速。

The car was gathering speed. 汽车逐渐加速。

a speed of 50 mph/80 kph每小时 50 英里／80 公里的速度

at high/low/full/top speed 以高速／低速／全速／最高速

at breakneck speed (= fast in a way that is dangerous) 以不要命的速度

travelling at the speed of light/sound 以光速／声速行进

[countable, uncountable] the rate at which sth happens or is done （发生或进行的）速度；进度

the processing speed of the computer计算机的处理速度

This course is designed so that students can progress at their own speed. 这门课的设计思路是让学生自己掌握进度。

We aim to increase the speed of delivery (= how quickly goods are sent). 我们力争加快送货速度。

[uncountable] the quality of being quick or rapid 快；迅速

The accident was due to excessive speed. 事故的原因在于速度过快。

She was overtaken by the speed of events (= things happened more quickly than she expected). 事态发展迅速为她始料所不及。

(formal) A car flashed past them at speed (= fast). 一辆汽车从他们身边疾驰而过。

➤in photography 摄影

[countable] a measurement of how sensitive film for cameras, etc. is to light 感光度

[countable] the time taken by a camera shutter to open and close 快门速度

shutter speeds快门速度

➤on bicycle/car 自行车；汽车

[countable] (especially in compounds 尤用于构成复合词) a gear on a bicycle, in a car, etc. 排挡；速

a four-speed gearbox四挡变速箱

a ten-speed mountain bike十速山地自行车

partner:

the person that you are married to or having a sexual relationship with 配偶；性伴侣

Come to the New Year disco and bring your partner! 携伴来参加新年迪斯科舞会吧！

a marriage partner配偶

one of the people who owns a business and shares the profits, etc. 合伙人

a partner in a law firm律师事务所的合伙人

a junior/senior partner 次要／主要合伙人

a person that you are doing an activity with, such as dancing or playing a game 搭档；同伴；舞伴

a dancing/tennis, etc. partner 舞伴、网球搭档等

born:

verb

be born (used only in the passive, without by 仅用于被动语态，不用 by)

(abbreviation b.) to come out of your mothers body at the beginning of your life 出生；出世

I was born in 1976. 我生于 1976 年。

She was born with a weak heart. 她生来就有一个衰弱的心脏。

~ into sth

She was born into a very musical family. 她生于音乐之家。

~ of/to sb

He was born of/to German parents.他的生身父母是德国人。

+ adj.

Her brother was born blind (= was blind when he was born). 她的哥哥先天性失明。

+ noun

John Wayne was born Marion Michael Morrison (= that was his name at birth). 约翰 · 韦恩出生时取名马里恩 · 迈克尔 · 莫里森。

(of an idea, an organization, a feeling, etc. 思想、机构、感情等) to start to exist 出现；形成；成立

the city where the protest movement was born抗议运动发源的城市

~ (out) of sth

She acted with a courage born (out) of desperation.绝望驱使她鼓起勇气，作出行动。

-born (in compounds 构成复合词) born in the order, way, place, etc. mentioned 以…的顺序（或方式、地点等）出生的

firstborn第一个孩子

nobly born出身贵族

French-born法国出生的

born with a silver ˈspoon in your mouth

(saying) having rich parents 生于富裕之家；出身富裕

in all my born ˈdays

(old-fashioned, informal) used when you are very surprised at sth you have never heard or seen before （表示惊讶）这辈子（未听说，未见）

Ive never heard such nonsense in all my born days. 我这辈子还从没听说过此等废话呢。

not be born ˈyesterday

(informal) used to say that you are not stupid enough to believe what sb is telling you （表示自己并不傻，不会轻信别人的话）

Oh yeah? I wasnt born yesterday, you know. 是吗？我可不是三岁的小孩子，你知道的。

theres one born every ˈminute

(saying) used to say that sb is very stupid 总有那种傻瓜

not know you are ˈborn

(BrE, informal) to have an easy life without realizing how easy it is 身在福中不知福

You people without kids dont know youre born. 你们没孩子，真是身在福中不知福啊。

(as/as if) to the manner ˈborn

(formal) as if sth is natural for you and you have done it many times in the past 仿佛天生的；生来就习惯的

ˈbe/be ˈborn/be ˈmade that way

(of a person 人) to behave or do things in a particular manner because it is part of your character 天性如此；生下就这样

Its not his fault hes so pompous—he was born that way. 他如此自命不凡并不是他的错，他天生就是这种性格。

ability:

noun

(plural abil·ities)

[singular] ~ to do sth the fact that sb/sth is able to do sth 能力

The system has the ability to run more than one program at the same time. 该系统能够同时运行一个以上的程序。

Everyone has the right to good medical care regardless of their ability to pay. 无论支付能力如何，每个人都有权得到良好的医疗保健。

A gentle form of exercise will increase your ability to relax. 和缓的运动锻炼会提高自我放松的能力。

OPP inability

[countable, uncountable] a level of skill or intelligence 才能；本领；才智

Almost everyone has some musical ability. 几乎人人都有一些音乐才能。

He was a man of extraordinary abilities. 他才干卓著。

students of mixed abilities能力参差不齐的学生

A woman of her ability will easily find a job. 有她那样才能的女子找工作不难。

I try to do my job to the best of my ability (= as well as I can). 我尽全力做好我的工作。

create:

verb

~ sth to make sth happen or exist 创造；创作；创建

Scientists disagree about how the universe was created. 科学家对宇宙是怎样形成的有分歧。

The main purpose of industry is to create wealth. 工业的主要宗旨是创造财富。

The government plans to create more jobs for young people. 政府计划为年轻人创造更多的就业机会。

Create a new directory and put all your files into it. 创建一个新的目录，然后把你所有的文件都放进去。

Try this new dish, created by our head chef. 品尝一下这道新菜吧，是我们厨师长首创的。

~ sth to produce a particular feeling or impression 造成，引起，产生（感觉或印象）

The company is trying to create a young energetic image. 这家公司正试图塑造一个充满活力的年轻形象。

The announcement only succeeded in creating confusion. 那通告反而引起了混乱。

Theyve painted it red to create a feeling of warmth. 他们把它刷成红色以营造一种温暖的感觉。

to give sb a particular rank or title 授予；册封

~ sth

The government has created eight new peers. 政府新封了八个贵族。

~ sth + noun

He was created a baronet in 1715. 他于 1715 年被封为准男爵。

brain:

brainBrE /breɪn/ NAmE /breɪn/

noun

➤in head 头

[countable] the organ inside the head that controls movement, thought, memory and feeling 脑

damage to the brain脑部损伤

brain cells脑细胞

She died of a brain tumour. 她死于脑瘤。

a device to measure brain activity during sleep检测睡眠时脑部活动的仪器

➤food 食物

brains [plural] the brain of an animal, eaten as food （供食用的）动物脑髓

sheeps brains羊脑

➤intelligence 智力

[uncountable, countable, usually plural] the ability to learn quickly and think about things in a logical and intelligent way 智力；脑力；逻辑思维能力

It doesnt take much brain to work out that both stories cant be true. 不必费多大脑筋就知道，两种说法不可能都是真的。

Teachers spotted that he had a good brain at an early age. 老师们发现他小时候就很聪颖。

You need brains as well as brawn (= intelligence as well as strength) to do this job. 这项工作既需要脑力又需要体力。

➤intelligent person 聪明人

[countable, usually plural] (informal) an intelligent person 聪明的人；有智慧的人

one of the best scientific brains in the country国家最优秀的科技人才之一

the brains [singular] the most intelligent person in a particular group; the person who is responsible for thinking of and organizing sth （群体中）最聪明的人；策划组织者

Hes always been the brains of the family. 这家人数他聪明。

The bands drummer is the brains behind their latest venture. 这位乐队鼓手是他们最近一次活动的策划人。

have sth on the brain

(informal) to think about sth all the time, especially in a way that is annoying 某事萦绕心头；过分热衷

He has sex on the brain. 他脑子里想的全是性。

beat your ˈbrains out

(informal, especially NAmE) to think very hard about sth for a long time 绞尽脑汁；反复推敲

blow your/sbs ˈbrains out

to kill yourself/sb by shooting yourself/them in the head 枪击头部自杀／杀人

cudgel your ˈbrains

(old-fashioned, BrE) to think very hard 冥思苦想；绞尽脑汁

pick sbs ˈbrains

(informal) to ask sb a lot of questions about sth because they know more about the subject than you do 讨教；请教；不断地问（以向别人学习）

rack your ˈbrain(s)

to think very hard or for a long time about sth 绞尽脑汁；冥思苦想

She racked her brains, trying to remember exactly what she had said. 她绞尽脑汁，想要回忆起她到底说过些什么话。

brainBrE /breɪn/ NAmE /breɪn/

verb

~ sb/sth/yourself (informal) to kill a person or an animal by hitting them very hard on the head 猛击…的脑袋致死

I nearly brained myself on that low beam. 那根低横梁差点儿把我撞死。

active:

adjective

➤busy 忙碌

always busy doing things, especially physical activities （尤指体力上）忙碌的，活跃的

Although hes nearly 80, he is still very active. 尽管快 80 岁了，他还是十分活跃。

OPP inactive

➤taking part 参加

involved in sth; making a determined effort and not leaving sth to happen by itself 积极的

They were both politically active. 他们两人在政治上都很积极。

active

involvement/participation/support/resistance 积极参与／参加／支持／抵抗

She takes an active part in school life. 她积极参加学校活动。

The parents were active in campaigning against cuts to the education budget. 学生家长积极参加反对削减教育预算的活动。

They took active steps to prevent the spread of the disease. 他们采取积极措施，防止疾病蔓延。

➤doing an activity 活动

doing sth regularly; functioning 定期进行的；起作用的

sexually active teenagers有性生活的青少年

animals that are active only at night仅在夜间活动的动物

The virus is still active in the blood. 这种病毒仍然在血液中起作用。

an active volcano (= likely to erupt ) 活火山

OPP inactive  

➤lively 充满活力

lively and full of ideas 活跃的；（思想上）充满活力的

That child has a very active imagination. 那个小孩想象力十分丰富。

➤chemical 化学

having or causing a chemical effect 起化学作用的；有效的

What is the active ingredient in aspirin? 什么是阿司匹林中的有效成分？

OPP inactive

➤grammar 语法

connected with a verb whose subject is the person or thing that performs the action 主动语态的

In He was driving the car, the verb is active. 在 He was driving the car 一句中，动词是主动语态。

attention:

➤listening/looking carefully 注意听／看

[uncountable] the act of listening to, looking at or thinking about sth/sb carefully 注意；专心；留心；注意力

the reports attention to detail报告对细节的注意

He turned his attention back to the road again. 他把注意力转回到道路上。

Small children have a very short attention span. 幼儿的注意力持续时间很短。

Please pay attention (= listen carefully) to what I am saying. 请注意听我讲的话。

Dont pay any attention to what they say (= dont think that it is important). 别在意他们所说的话。

She tried to attract the waiters attention. 她试图引起服务员的注意。

I tried not to draw attention to (= make people notice) the weak points in my argument. 我尽量使人察觉不到我论证中的弱点。

An article in the newspaper caught my attention. 报纸上一篇文章引起了我的注意。

I couldnt give the programme my undivided attention. 我不能专心一意地关注这个方案。

(formal) It has come to my attention (= I have been informed) that…我已获悉…

(formal) He called (their) attention to the fact that many files were missing.他提请他们注意许多档案已经遗失这一事实。

(formal) Can I have your attention please? 请注意听我讲话好吗？

➤interest 兴趣

[uncountable] interest that people show in sb/sth 兴趣；关注

Films with big stars always attract great attention. 有大明星演出的电影总是引起很大的关注。

As the youngest child, she was always the centre of attention. 身为幼女，她一直是大家关注的中心。

[countable, usually plural] things that sb does to try to please you or to show their interest in you 殷勤；关心

She tried to escape the unwanted attentions of her former boyfriend. 她尽量避开她前男友多余的殷勤。

➤treatment 处理

[uncountable] special care, action or treatment 特别照料（或行动、处理）

She was in need of medical attention. 她需要治疗。

The roof needs attention (= needs to be repaired). 房顶需要修理了。

for the attention of… (= written on the envelope of an official letter to say who should deal with it) 由…办理（正式信件信封上的用语）

➤soldiers 士兵

[uncountable] the position soldiers take when they stand very straight with their feet together and their arms at their sides 立正姿势

to stand at/to attention 立正站着；立正

connect:

➤join 连接

[transitive, intransitive] ~ (A to/with/and B) to join together two or more things; to be joined together （使）连接；联结

The towns are connected by train and bus services. 这些城镇由火车和公共汽车连接起来。

The canal was built to connect Sheffield with the Humber estuary. 修建这条运河是为了将设菲尔德和亨伯河河口连接起来。

a connecting door (= one that connects two rooms) 连通两间房的门

The rooms on this floor connect. 这层楼的房间是相通的。

➤electricity/gas/water 电；煤气；水

[transitive] ~ sth (to sth) to join sth to the main supply of electricity, gas, water, etc. or to another piece of equipment 使…连接；接通

First connect the printer to the computer. 首先把打印机与计算机接通。

Were waiting for the telephone to be connected. 我们等待着接通电话。

OPP disconnect

➤Internet 互联网

[intransitive, transitive] ~ (sb) (to sth) to join a computer or a mobile device to the Internet or to a computer network （使计算机或移动设备）连接（到互联网或计算机网络）

Click Continue to connect to the Internet. 点击 Continue 连接到互联网。

OPP disconnect

➤link 联系

[transitive] ~ sb/sth (with sb/sth) to notice or make a link between people, things, events, etc. 注意到…有关联；把…联系起来 SYN associate

There was nothing to connect him with the crime. 他与那起犯罪毫无关联。

I was surprised to hear them mentioned together: I had never connected them before. 听到有人把他们牵扯在一起让我很吃惊；我以前从未把他们联起来想过。

➤of train/bus/plane 火车；公共汽车；飞机

[intransitive] ~ (with sth) to arrive just before another one leaves so that passengers can change from one to the other 衔接；联运

His flight to Amsterdam connects with an afternoon flight to New York. 他飞往阿姆斯特丹的班机与下午飞往纽约的一趟航班相衔接。

Theres a connecting flight at noon. 中午有一趟相衔接的航班。

➤telephone lines 电话线

[transitive] ~ sb to join telephone lines so that people can speak to each other 为（某人）接通电话；连接 SYN put through

Hold on please, Im trying to connect you. 请别挂电话，我在尽力给您接通。

OPP disconnect

➤form relationship 建立关系

[intransitive] ~ (with sb) to form a good relationship with sb so that you like and understand each other （与某人）建立良好关系，沟通

They met a couple of times but they didnt really connect. 尽管他们见了几次面，但仍未真正建立起良好的关系。

➤hit 击

[intransitive] ~ (with sb/sth) (informal, especially NAmE) to hit sb/sth 打（某人）；击中（某物）

The blow connected and she felt a surge of pain. 她遭到沉重的一击，感到一阵疼痛。

overnight:

adverb

BrE /ˌəʊvəˈnaɪt/ NAmE /ˌoʊvərˈnaɪt/

during or for the night 在夜间；在晚上

We stayed overnight in London after the theatre. 我们看完戏后在伦敦住了一晚。

suddenly or quickly 突然；一夜之间；旋即

Dont expect it to improve overnight. 不要指望这事一下子就改善了。

over·night

adjective

BrE /ˈəʊvənaɪt/ NAmE /ˈoʊvərnaɪt/ [only before noun]

happening during the night; for a night 夜间的；晚上的；只供一夜的

an overnight flight夜间飞行

overnight accommodation一夜住宿

She took only an overnight bag (= containing the things needed for a night spent away from home). 她只带了一个外出住宿一晚的用品旅行袋。

happening suddenly or quickly 突然的；很快的；一夜之间的

The play was an overnight success. 这部剧作一夜成名。

review:

noun

[uncountable, countable] an examination of sth, with the intention of changing it if necessary 评审，审查，检查，检讨（为了进行必要的修改）

the governments review of its education policy政府对其教育政策的检讨

The case is subject to judicial review. 这个案子必须接受司法审查。

His parole application is up for review next week. 他的假释申请下周审查。

The terms of the contract are under review. 合同条文正在审议。

a pay/salary review 薪酬审定

a review body/date/panel 评审机构／日期／小组

[countable, uncountable] a report in a newspaper or magazine, or on the Internet, television or radio, in which sb gives their opinion of a book, play,

film/movie, etc.; the act of writing this kind of report （对图书、戏剧、电影等的）评介，评论

a book review书评

the reviews (page) in the papers报纸的评论版

good/bad/mixed/rave reviews in the national press全国性报刊上良好的／不好的／毁誉参半的／高度赞誉的评论

He submitted his latest novel for review. 他提交了自己的最新小说供评论。

[countable] a report on a subject or on a series of events 报告；汇报；述评；回顾

a review of customer complaints有关消费者投诉的汇报

to publish a review of recent cancer research发表有关最近癌症研究的报告

[countable] (formal) a ceremony that involves an official inspection of soldiers, etc. by an important visitor 阅兵式；检阅

[countable] (NAmE) a lesson in which you look again at sth you have studied, especially in order to prepare for an exam （尤指为准备考试的）温习课，复习课

verb

~ sth to carefully examine or consider sth again, especially so that you can decide if it is necessary to make changes 复查；重新考虑 SYN reassess

to review the evidence复查证据

The government will review the situation later in the year. 政府将在今年晚些时候对形势重新加以研究。

~ sth to think about past events, for example to try to understand why they happened 回顾；反思 SYN take stock (of sth)

to review your failures and triumphs回顾自己的成功和失败

She had been reviewing the previous week on her way home. 她在回家的路上对前一个星期进行了回顾。

~ sth to write a report of a book, play, film/movie, etc. in which you give your opinion of it 写（关于书籍、戏剧、电影等的）评论；评介

The play was reviewed in the national newspapers. 全国性报纸都对这部戏剧作了评论。

~ sb/sth to make an official inspection of a group of soldiers, etc. in a military ceremony 检阅（部队）

~ sth (especially NAmE) to look again at sth you have studied, especially in order to prepare for an exam （尤指为准备考试而）温习，复习

~ sth (especially NAmE) to check a piece of work to see if there are any mistakes 校阅；审核

knowledge：

noun

[uncountable, singular] the information, understanding and skills that you gain through education or experience 知识；学问；学识

practical/medical/scientific knowledge实际／医学／科学知识

~ of/about sth

He has a wide knowledge of painting and music. 他在绘画和音乐方面知识渊博。

There is a lack of knowledge about the tax system. 大家对税制缺乏了解。

[uncountable] the state of knowing about a particular fact or situation 知晓；知悉；了解

She sent the letter without my knowledge. 她背着我把信寄了出去。

The film was made with the Princes full knowledge and approval. 这部影片是在王子充分了解和认可的情况下拍摄的。

She was impatient in the knowledge that time was limited. 她知道时间有限，所以很着急。

I went to sleep secure in the knowledge that I was not alone in the house. 我知道当时不是只有我一人在房子里，就放心地睡觉了。

They could relax safe in the knowledge that they had the funding for the project. 他们得知工程资金已有着落时就感到踏实轻松了。

He denied all knowledge of the affair. 他否认知道此事。

~ economy/industry/worker working with information rather than producing goods 信息，知识（与产品制造相对）

习语

be common/public ˈknowledge

to be sth that everyone knows, especially in a particular community or group 常识；众所周知

come to sbs ˈknowledge

(formal) to become known by sb 被某人知道；被某人获悉

It has come to our knowledge that you have been taking time off without permission. 我们了解到你们时常未经允许就不上班。

to your ˈknowledge

from the information you have, although you may not know everything 据某人所知

Are they divorced? Not to my knowledge. “他们离婚了吗？” “据我所知没有。”

all the ˈbest

(informal) used when you are saying goodbye to sb or ending a letter, to give sb your good wishes （告别用语或书信结语）祝一切顺利，万事如意

lifelong：

adjective

[only before noun]

lasting or existing all through your life 终身的；毕生的

wisely：

adjective

(wiser, wis·est)

(of people 人) able to make sensible decisions and give good advice because of the experience and knowledge that you have 充满智慧的；明智的；英明的；明察善断的

a wise old man智叟

Im older and wiser after ten years in the business. 在商界混了十年之后，我变得老成聪明了。

(of actions and behaviour 行动和行为) sensible; based on good judgement 明智的；高明的；有判断力的 SYN prudent

a wise decision明智的决定

It was very wise to leave when you did. 你那时离开非常明智。

The wisest course of action is just to say nothing. 最明智的做法就是缄默不言。

I was grateful for her wise counsel. 我感激她为我指点迷津。