人教版八年级上册英语Unit 1 知识点语法归纳总结
Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?
1. 短语归纳
① go on vacation去度假
② stay at home 呆在家
③ go to the mountains 上山/进山
④ go to the beach到海边去
⑤ visit museums 参观博物馆
⑥ go to summer camp 去夏令营
⑦ quite a few 相当多
⑧ study for为……学习
⑨ go out 出去
⑩ most of the time 大部分时间/绝大多数时间
11 taste good 尝起来味道好
12 have a good time玩的开心
13 of course当然可以
14 feel like感觉像……/想要
15 go shopping购物
16 in the past 在过去
17 walk around绕……走
18 too many 太多(可数名词前面)
19 because of 因为
20 one bowl of 一碗……
21 find out 查出来/发现
22 go on继续
23 take photos 照相
24 something important重要的事情
25 up and down上上下下
26 come up出来
2. 典句必背
① —Where did you go on vacation? 你到哪里去度假了?
—I went to New York City. 我去了纽约城
② —Did you go out with anyone? 你出去带人吗?
—No, No one was here. Everyone was on vacation. 不,没有人在这儿。大家度去度假了。
③ —Did you buy anything special? 你买了什么特别的东西吗?
—Yes, I bought something for my father. 对,我给父亲买了一些东西。
④ —How was the food? 食物怎么样?
—Everything tasted really good.每一样东西真的都好吃。
⑤ —Did everyone have a good time?大家玩的开心吗?
—Oh, yes. Everything was excellent. 对,一切都很精彩。
3. 用法集萃
(1) —Where did you go on vacation? 你去哪里度假了?
—I went to the mountains. 我去爬山了。
· Where did you...? 是一般过去时的特殊疑问句,其句式结构为:疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他成分?其中did是助动词,没有人称和数的变化,实义动词要用原形。
例:What did you do yesterday afternoon? 你昨天下午干什么了?
I played tennis with my friend. 我和我的朋友一起打网球了。
· on vacation意为"在度假"。
例:My family went to Hainan on vacation last year. 我家人去年去海南度假了。
(2) Oh, did you go anywhere interesting? 哦,你去什么有趣的地方了吗?
· anywhere是副词,意思是"任何地方;无论何处",常用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中。
例:I cannot find it anywhere. 我在什么地方都没找到它。
Are you going anywhere tonight? 今晚你要去什么地方吗?
If you go anywhere, take me with you. 你要是去什么地方,带我一起去。
· 若是肯定句中说某个地方,应用somewhere。
例:I remember seeing him somewhere. 我记得在哪儿见过他
· somewhere/anywhere有时与修饰语连用,这时候,其修饰语要置于somewhere/ anywhere之后。
例:You can go anywhere interesting if you want. 如果你想,你可以去任何一个有趣的地方。
· 辨析:somewhere,anywhere,everywhere与nowhere
somewhere
“某处、在某处”,强调在一个地方,
用于肯定句
I remember seeing him somewhere.
我记得在哪儿见过他
anywhere
“在什么地方、任何地方”,
用于否定句、疑问句、条件状语从句中,
在肯定句中表示“随便什么地方”
I cannot find it anywhere. (否定句)
我在什么地方都没找到它。
Are you going anywhere tonight? (疑问句)
今晚你要去什么地方吗?
If you go anywhere, take me with you. (条件状语从句)
你要是去什么地方,带我一起去。
everywhere
“到处、处处”,强调多个地方,
用于肯定句
He follows me everywhere.
我无论去哪儿他都跟着我。
nowhere
“不在任何地方;任何地方都不”,
和anywhere是反义词,意思相反
He has nowhere to stick up his posters.
他没地方贴海报了。
(3) Did you buy anything special? 你买什么特殊的东西了吗?
· anything是复合不定代词,常用于否定句、疑问句及if或whether之后。
例:Do you have anything to say?
· 形容词修饰复合不定代词时,要把形容词放在复合不定代词后面。
例:Last night I saw someone strange lying on the ground near my home.
昨晚在我家附近,我看见一个陌生人躺在地上。
If you have anything important to tell me, please call me.
如果你有什么重要的事要告诉我,请给我打电话。
(4) We took quite a few photos there.我们在那里拍了相当多的照片。
· take photos意为"拍照、照相",take a photo of sb./sth. 意为"给...拍照"。
例:We took many photos on the Great Wall. 我们在长城上拍了很多照片。
· few意思是"很少;几乎没有",而a few表示"一些",quite a few表示"相当多的",
都修饰可数名词。
例:He has few friends here ,s0 he feels lonely. 他在这里几乎没朋友.所以他感觉寂寞。
Quite a few students go to school by bike. 相当多的学生骑自行车上学。
· 辨析:few, a few与little, a little
few后接可数名词,且要用复数形式,含否定意义
He has few friends. 他朋友很少。
a few后接可数名词,且要用复数形式,不含否定意义
Please wait for a few minutes.请等几分钟。
little后接不可数名词,含否定意义
He knows little English. 他几乎不懂英语。
a little后接不可数名词,不含否定意义
There is a little milk in the bottle.
瓶子里有少量的牛奶。
巧记:
a few beans有几粒豆子
few beans几乎没有豆子
little milk几乎没有牛奶
a little milk有一点牛奶
(5) How did you like it? 你认为它怎么样?
· How do you like...? 意为"你觉得...怎么样?",用于询问对方的观点或看法,
相当于What do you think of...? 或How do you feel about...?
例:How do you like your new job? = What do you think of your new job? 你觉得你的新工作怎么样?
(6) Still no one seemed to be bored. 好像仍然没有一个人感到无聊。
· bored表示"感到厌倦的",用来说明人的感受;
boring表示"令人厌烦的、无趣的",用来说明事物的特征。
例:She is bored with her job. 她对自己的工作不感兴趣。
The lecture was deadly boring. 那讲座真是乏味极了。
· 以-ed结尾的形容词,通常用来修饰或者描述人,以-ing结尾的形容词,通常用来修饰或者描述物。
类似的形容词还有:interested/ interesting;excited exciting;surprised surprising。
(7) I arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family. 今天早上我和家人到达了马来西亚槟城。
· 辨析:get, arrive, reach(三者都有"到达"之意,但用法上有所区别)
get不及物动词,其后若跟地点名词,要用get to
How does he get to school?
他是怎样到校的?
arrive不及物动词,后面接地点名词时需加介词in或at,
大地点用arrive in,小地点用arrive at。
如果不接地点。则直接用arrive
Lisa will arrive in Beijing next week.
莉萨将会于下周到达北京
How did he arrive at the airport?
他是怎样到机场的?
reach是及物动词,后面可直接跟宾语,般不接地点副词
Please reach the TV station on time.
请按时到电视台
注意:当get, arrive后跟地点副词(如here, there, home等)的时候,其后不必加任何介词
例:We will get/ arrive there at nine. 我们会在九点到达那里
(8) It was sunny and hot, so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel.
天气晴朗且炎热,因此我们决定去我们宾馆附近的海滩。
· decide意为"决定",既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词。
· 作及物动词时,后面常接名词、动词不定式、"特殊疑问词+动词不定式"或宾语从句。
例:I cant decide the date of the meeting. 我决定不了这次会议的日期。
We decided to go there. 我们决定去那里。
We decided that we would not go to the party tonight. 我们决定今晚不去参加聚会
· 作不及物动词时,常与介词on或upon连用,后接可数名词。
例:She decided on the red shoes. 她决定买这双红色的鞋了。
(9) I wonder what life was like here in the past.我想知道这里过去的生活是什么样子的。
· wonder作及物动词,意为"想知道;对.....感到好奇",
后常接who, what, why, where 等引导的宾语从句。从句用陈述句语序。
例:I wonder why Ann is late. 我想知道安为什么迟到了。
She wondered what the child was doing. 她想知道孩子在做什么。
(10) I really enjoyed walking around the town. 我真的很喜欢在镇上到处走走。
1 enjoy为及物动词,意为"喜爱;欣赏;享受....的乐趣",其后接名词代词或动名词作宾语。
例:Do you enjoy your job? 你喜欢你的工作吗?
I enjoy reading books.我喜欢读书。
· 拓展:玩得开心相关表达
enjoy oneself
It seemed that he didn’t enjoy himself at the party. 似乎他在聚会上玩得不开心。
have fun
We have fun talking with him. 我们和他一起聊天很高兴。
have a good/nice/great/wonderful time
They have a good time playing in the park. 他们在公园玩得很开心。
2 walk around... 意为"在.....四处走走"
例:Hes just walking around the village. 他只是在村庄里随便走走。
(11) What a difference a day makes!一天的变化有多大呀!
1 what引导感叹句,what用来修饰名词。常见的结构有:
What a/ an+形容词+可数名词的单数( +主语+谓语)!
What a beautiful girl she is!
她是一个多么漂亮的女孩啊!
What+形容词+不可数名词/可数名词的复数( +主语+谓语)!
What good weather it is! 多好的天气啊!
What hard-working students they are!
他们是多么努力的学生啊!
2 difference 意为"差别,差异";其形容词形式为different,意为"不同的;有差异的"。
例:Whats the difference between skating and skiing? 滑冰和滑雪有什么不同?
(12) And because of the bad weather,we couldnt see anything below.
并且由于这坏天气,我们看不见下面的任何东西。
· because of意为"因为....由于.....",后接名词或代词,相当于 "because+句子"
所以本句可替换为:And we couldnt see anything below because the weather was bad.
(13) My father didnt bring enough money, so we only had one bowl of rice and some fish.
我的爸爸没有带足够多的钱,因此我们只吃了一-碗米饭和一些鱼肉。
· enough既可作形容词,也可作副词,还可作代词,用法如下:
代词,“足够;充分”
可以代替可数名词或不可数名词,
在句中作主语或宾语。
I have had enough. Thank you.
谢谢你,我吃饱了。
形容词,“足够的”
修饰名词作定语,
置于被修饰的名词前后均可。
I have enough money to buy a dictionary.
我有足够的钱买本词典。
副词,“足够地;充分地”
常置于被修饰的动词、形容词或副词之后,一般不跟that从句。
He is not old enough to go to school.
他年龄太小,不能去上学。
4. 语法聚焦
(1) 复合不定代词
不指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫作不定代词。
复合不定代词是由some-, any-, every-, no- 加上-one, -body, -thing等所组成的不定代词。包括:
这些复合不定代词具有名词性质,在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语,但不能用作定语。
使用时注意以下几点:
1 指代对象不同(辨析:some-, any-)
2 含some-和any-的复合不定代词的用法区别
3 复合不定代词的数
· 复合不定代词都具有单数的含义,当它们充当句子的主语时,其后的谓语动词用单数形式。
例:Is everyone here today? 今天每个人都到了吗?
Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事,只怕有心人。
4 复合不定代词的定语需后置,即放在复合不定代词的后面。
例:Can you tell something interesting? 你能讲些有趣的事情吗?
(2) 一般过去时(I)
1 一般过去时的用法
一般过去时用来描述过去发生的动作或存在的状态。常和一般过去时搭配的标志性的时间状语有yesterday, last week, in the past等。
例:They stayed at home yesterday. 昨天他们待在家里。
2 一般过去时的三种句式结构:
3 一般过去时的句式变化
· be动词的一般过去时的句式变化
· there be句型的一般过去时的句式变化:
· 行为动词的一般过去时的句式变化
4 动词的过去式的变化规律
包括规则变化和不规则变化两种。
· 规则变化通常以-ed结尾。具体如下:
· 不规则变化的动词有许多,常见的有:
(3) 一般过去时(II)
侧重行为动词的一般过去时的特殊疑问句
1 对人物进行提问时有两种情况:
2 对事件、时间、地点、方式等进行提问时,结构为:特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他?
· What did he do last night? 昨天晚上他做什么了? (事件)
· When did you meet Lisa? 你是什么时候遇到莉萨的?(时间)
· Where did you go last weekend?上周末你们去哪里了?(地点)
· How did you get to Beijing? 你是怎么到北京的? (方式)
· Why did you want to visit China? 你为什么想去游览中国?(原因)