GRE argument 写什么？怎么写？

GRE argument机械地背模板不能解决问题。

一大早给在美国的学生上完GRE argument的课，学生思维上的问题比较典型，写篇文章给大家分享。

首先，需要了解argument的特征，它是ETS设计的一个情景，相当于我要做一个决定，把自己的理由摆了出来。 初步看的时候都挺合理，但是如果细致分析，会发现这理由不是很靠谱。 具体举个例子。

“Throughout the country last year, as more and more children below the age of nine participated in youth-league sports, over 40,000 of these young players suffered injuries. When interviewed for a recent study, youth-league soccer players in several major cities also reported psychological pressure exerted by coaches and parents to win games. Furthermore, education experts say that long practice sessions for these sports take away time that could be used for academic activities. Since the disadvantages outweigh any advantages, we in Parkville should discontinue organized athletic competition for children under nine.”

Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.

首先，学生遇到的第一个问题是，虽然能读懂文章，但是不知道如何下手分析。我们试了一个很方便的方法，就是把所有的句子拆开来，单独整理一下，然后挑挑刺，想象哪些情况他可能不成立。

【1】Throughout the country last year, as more and more children below the age of nine participated in youth-league sports, over 40,000 of these young players suffered injuries.

参加youth league 的9岁以下儿童中有4万人受伤。

【2】When interviewed for a recent study, youth-league soccer players in several major cities also reported psychological pressure exerted by coaches and parents to win games.

youth league 足球运动员再一次采访中说承受来自教练和父母的心理压力。

【3】Furthermore, education experts say that long practice sessions for these sports take away time that could be used for academic activities.

教育专家说运动占用了学习时间。

【4】Since the disadvantages outweigh any advantages, we in Parkville should discontinue organized athletic competition for children under nine.”

【结论】应该停止9岁以下儿童所有的有组织的体育比赛项目。

把这些句子合在一起，整理一下，就变成一个argument

然后就可以逐个分析他们的问题，比如

【premise 1】参加youth league 的9岁以下儿童中有4万人受伤。【作者的判断是因为这么多人受伤，所以应该停止体育比赛；这个结论基于一个前提：受伤这4万人受的伤非常严重/ 或者4万人证明受伤比例很大/或者受伤人数是上升的；】

【premise 2】youth league 足球运动员再一次采访中说承受来自教练和父母的心理压力。【可能足球这个运动本身群众基础大、经济利益大、事关重大、竞争激烈、团队合作要求高等等导致足球运动员的压力尤其大，而其他的运动，比如台球，高尔夫球，就没太多比赛压力】

【premise 3】教育专家说运动占用了学习时间。【专家靠谱吗？运动花时间就占用学习时间吗？运动对学习可能有促进作用呢，比如分泌多巴胺，提高学习状态，有助于大脑健康，提高耐力等等】。

【结论】应该停止9岁以下儿童所有的有组织的体育比赛项目。 【真的吗？】

【premise 1】参加youth league 的9岁以下儿童中有4万人受伤。作者的前提是

1. （尽管提到受伤的数量，但是作者结论还是依赖于伤重情况。）

2. 假设：事故严重到要禁止所有运动。（提纲）

3. 但是，这个假设不一定对。

4. 原因1：不是所有运动都有伤害。

5. 原因2：即使受伤，也不一定严重。

6. 原因3：有的伤与运动本身无关。

7. 原因4：40000人占比很少，或者相比之前，受伤人数已经在减少。

8. 原因5：相比于不运动的学生，40000人已经很少

具体写成什么样子？

To begin with, while the author mentions the number of injuries, the validity of the author’s conclusion highly relies on the severity of the injuries.

Here, the author implicitly assumes that such injuries were so severe as to put an end on all kinds of sports in P.

However, this assumption is not necessarily true.

3分：符合Direction

First, not all kinds of sports can lead to serious physical injuries.

3.5：指出逻辑缺陷

Intellectual games, such as the chess, do not require physical contact, in spite of their competitiveness.

4分：给出例子

Second, the injuries were probably not serious.

Perhaps, the majority of the 40,000 cases were small cuts and bruises.

Third, some of the injuries may not be the result of sports.

Most of the injuries may be caused by campus bully or traffic accidents.

5分：足够的逻辑缺陷+例子+严密的论证

Forth, while the 40,000 cases seem astonishing, this number provides no evidence to stop all kinds of sports for children under nine, because this figure may account for only a small portion of the total population of the children in the country, or, comparing with the number of injuries when the youth-league sports activity has not been initiated, 40,000 has been a marked decline in injuries.

Finally, comparing with the children who were not part of the youth-league sports, the severity of the injuries was not that large. If any of the aforementioned scenarios turns out to be true, the author’s assumption will be seriously weakened and the proposal will be undermined.

我觉得大家会在挑刺这个阶段走太远，太细致，或者想偏了，需要通过辩论，把逻辑想明白，另外，再成文的过程中，会有些表达需要积累下，不是大事儿，简简单单！