英语重难点题型攻略——原级、比较级、最高级
1比较级、最高级和原级定义
比较级:两者之间的比较叫做比较级。
最高级:三者三者以上的比较叫做高级。
原级:没有比较,同级比较。
2形容词、副词的比较级/最高级的构成
1、单音节和部分双音节的词:(去,改,双,直)
(1)以字母 e 结尾的形容词,去 e 加-er 或-est;
large —— larger —— largest
nice —— nicer —— nicest
late —— later —— latest
(2)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,先改“y”为“i”,再加-er 或-est;
happy —— happier —— happiest
early —— earlier ——earliest
(3)辅-元-辅结构的单词(重读闭音节)的形容词,双写最后一个辅音字母再加er 或者 est;
hot — hotter — hottest
thin —— thinner —— thinnest
(4)在结尾加 er 或者 est;
strong —— stronger —— strongest
slow —— slower —— slowest
2、多音节词和部分双音节词:在词前加 more 或 most。
delicious —— more delicious —— most delicious
beautiful —— more beautiful —— most beautiful
boring—— more boring —— most boring
easily —— more easily —— most easily
3、不规则变化(两个好,两个坏,两个多;一个小又少,还有一远和一老。)
good/well—— better—— best
bad/ill/badly—— worse—— worst
much/many—— more——most
little——less——least
far——farther/further——farthest/furthest
(farther 是指距离或时间上"更远的",further 是指程度上进一步的)
old——older/elder——oldest/eldest
4.特殊变化:既可以+er/est,又可以+more/most 的单词
有clever,handsome,polite,Simple,stupid,friendly。
注意:
形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,副词最高级前可不用.
The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.(撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。)
3比较级/最高级的一般用法。
1.形容词的比较级
(1)A +be/系动词+ 形容词比较级+ than + B. I am taller than you.
Pie is more delicious than pizza.(馅饼比比萨饼好吃。)
(2) Who/which/whose...+形容词比较级,A or B ?
Who is taller,Tim or Tom?(蒂姆和汤姆,谁更高?)
Which boy is more clever, this one or that one?(哪个男孩更聪明,这个还是那个?)
注意:
两者之间比较,比较级后面有名词则前面必须+the
Who is the taller boy,Tim or Tom?(高一点的男孩是谁,蒂姆还是汤姆?)
Which is the more clever boy, this one or that one?(哪个男孩更聪明,这个还是那个?)
2.副词的比较级
(1)A +行为动词+ 副词比较级+ than + B.
Tim runs faster than Tom.(蒂姆跑得比汤姆快。)
He studies better than me.(他学习比我好。)
(2)Who/which/whose....+副词比较级,A or B ?
Who jumps higher, Tim or Tom?(谁跳得更高,蒂姆还是汤姆?)
Which dog eats more, this one or that one?(哪只狗吃得更多,这只还是那只?)
注意:
标志词 than,or
修饰比较级的词语有 much,even,a little,a lot, still,far
many.more,quite,very 不能修饰比较级
只有同类事物才能作比较
比较句中的代替词,
the one(代替可数名词单数)
that (代替单数名词或不可数名词)
the ones=those(代替可数名词复数)
例句:
The apples in the red basket are bigger than those in the blue basket.(红篮子里的苹果比蓝篮子里的大。)
The weather in Shanghai is warmer than that in Beijing.(上海的天气比北京暖和。)
3.形容词的最高级
(1)A +be/系动词+ the +形最高级+ 比较范围(of /in/among).
I am the tallest in the class.(我是班上最高的。)
Pizza is the most delicious food of the three.(比萨饼是三种食物中最美味的。)
(2)Who/which/whose...+形容词最高级,A,B or C?
Who is the tallest, Tim,Bob or Tom?(谁个子最高,蒂姆,鲍勃还是汤姆?)
4.副词的最高级
(1)A +行为动词+ 副词最高级+ 比较范围(of/in/among). Liutao runs fastest in his school.(刘涛在他的学校跑得最快。)
He studies best of us.(他是我们中学习最好的。)
(2)Who/which/whose...+副词最高级,A,B or C?
Which dog eats most, the first one,the second on or the third one?(哪只狗吃得最多,第一只,第二只还是第三只?)
注意:标志词 of,among,in,or
4比较级/最高级的特殊用法
1.比较级的特殊用法
(1)“比较级+ and +比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越……”
例句:
It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.(春天来了,天气变得越来越暖和了.)
It is getting cooler and cooler.(天气越来越凉爽.)
The wind became more and more heavily.(风变得越来越大.)
Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.(我们的学校变得越来越美丽.)
(2)“the +比较级……, the+比较级”,表示“越……越……”.
例句:
The more money you make, the more you spend.(钱你赚得越多,花得越多。)
The sooner,the better.(越快越好。)
The more the better.(多多益善。)
The more you eat,the fatter you will be.(你吃得越多,你就会越胖。)
(3)the+比较级+of the two(…),比较级前加 the,表示两者中的更...的一个。
例句:
He works the harder of the two.(两个人中他工作更努力。)
She is the taller of the two.(她是两个人中较高的一个。)
2.最高级的特殊用法
(1) one of +the +最高级+名词复数,表示“最……的……之一”
This is one of the most beautiful flowers in the garden.(这是花园里最漂亮的花之一。)
(2) the+序数词+最高级,表示“第......最的”
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.(黄河是中国第二长河流。)
5原级:as...as...用法
1.A=B(程度相同): as +adj./adv.原级+as
He is as tall as Tom.(他和Tom一样高。)
He runs as fast as Tom.(他跑的和Tom一样快。)
2.A 不如 B: not as/so +adj./adv.原级+as
He is not as/so tall as Tom.(他不如 Tom 高。)
He doesn’t run as/so fast as Tom.(他跑的不如 Tom 快。)
6原级、比较级,最高级之间的转换
1.原级和比较级之间的转换
A...+not as/so +adj./adv.原级+as...B=A...less+adj./adv.原级+than...B
That book isn’t as/so interesting as this book.(那本书没有这本书有趣。)
That book is less interesting than this book.(那本书不如这本书有趣。)
This book is more interesting than that book.(这本书比那本书有趣。)
2.比较级和最高级之间的转换(同一范围内) any other+名词单数
A...adj./adv.比较级+than++比较范围the other+名词复数
A... the+adj./adv.最高级+比较范围
Tom is the tallest in his class.(汤姆是班上最高的。)
Tom is taller than the other students in his class.(汤姆比他班上的其他学生高。)
Tom is taller than any other student in his class.(汤姆比他班上的任何其他学生都高。)
备注:Beijing is bigger than any city in Japan.(北京比日本的任何城市都大。)(不同范围的比较)
7事物量的比较
1.两种事物的比较
(1)A<B,可数,A+...fewer+可数名词+than+B
He joins fewer clubs than I.(他参加的俱乐部比我少。)
(2)A<B,不可数,A+...less+不可数名词+than+B
We drink less coffee than teas.(我们喝的咖啡比茶少。)
(3)A>B,可数/不可数,A+...more+可数名词复数/不可数名词+than+B
He has more time than I.(他比我有更多的时间。)
He has more books than I.(他比我有更多的书。)
2.三种及三种以上事物的比较
(1)可数名词,表示最少的.........the fewest+名词复数
She can sing the fewest songs in our class.(她能唱我们班最少的歌。)
(2)不可数名词,表示最少的.........the least+名词
He finishes the least homework of us.(他完成了我们中最少的家庭作业。)
(3)可数/不可数名词,表示最多的.........the most+名词复数
Simon drinks the most milk among the three boys.(西蒙在三个男孩中喝牛奶最多。)
8表示倍数的比较级用法
1. A is …times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.
(A 是 B……的几倍……),两倍用 twice,三倍及三倍以上用“数字+times”。
Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大.(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)
2.A is …times larger /higher/longer/wider than B.(A 比 B……大/高/长……倍)
如:Our school is twice bigger than yours.(我们学校比你们学校大两倍.)