初中英语短语归纳解析(二十一)
1. fill/ full
Ⅰ.fill为及物动词,表“使……满”,常与介词with搭配,表达“被……充满”时用be filled with结构。如:
① The bottle is filled with water. 这只瓶子装满了水。
② He was filled with joy at the news. 听到这个消息,他内心充满了喜悦。
Ⅱ.full是形容词,多作表语,表示主语所处的状态,常见于be full of 结构中。如:
① The schoolbag is full of books. 书包里装满了书。
② He drew in an old badsket full of sand.他捞上来一个灌满泥沙的旧篮子。
[注]:be filled with = be full of .可以互换。但介词with与of 不能混淆。如:
The room is full of people. = The room is filled with people.
2. final/ last
Ⅰ.final表终止或结束之意,有时带有决定性或结论性等意味。如:
① Today is the final day of this term. 今天是本学期的最后一天。
② We shall know the final results of the elections tomorrow. 明天我们将知道选举的最后结果。
Ⅱ.last “最后的、末尾的”指按次序的前后或时间的先后居于最后,并意味着后面不再有了。如:
① My house stands in the last row.
② He was the last one to enter.
3. finally/ at last/ in the end
这三个都可以作“最后”讲,但用法不同。
Ⅰ.finally表动作的发生顺序是在“最后”,无感情色彩,只用于过去时,它居句首时较多。
Ⅱ.at last 表经过一定曲折之后某事才发生,强调努力的结果,带有较强的感情色彩,须用一般过去时。
Ⅲ.in the end 表事物发展的自然顺序的“终结”,有时或与 finally相互替换,但用于对将来的预测,则只能用in the end。如:
① Did the man in the shop understand him at last?
② Finally he went to see the famous man himself.
③ I hope that everything will turn out all right in the end.
4. famous as / famous for
Ⅰ. (be) famous as “以(某种身份)……出名(著名)”as后跟人宾语往往与主语同位。如:
① She is famous as a poet. 他以一名诗人而著名。
② The town is famous as a car-making place. 该城镇以制造汽车而闻名。
Ⅱ. (be) famouse for “困……而闻名(驰名)”表示由于某种特征而出名,for后的宾语一般为主语人从属内容。如:
① China has been famous for its silk. 中国素以丝绸闻名。
② This city is famous for its big gambling resort. 该市因其大赌场而驰名。
5. fix/ mend/ repair
Ⅰ. 这三个词都可译为“修理”,但fix 一词在美语中应用更广泛。fix 和repair 一样,都表示使受到一定损坏或失灵的东西恢复其性状或机能,如“修理、安装”钟表、收音机、照相机、电视机、汽车和机床等大型物体。repair 还可以用于修筑堤坝、道路和建筑等。如:
Ⅱ mend 一般用于“修补”破损的东西使其恢复原样,一般指较小之物。如衣服、鞋袜、伞和桌椅等。如:
6. foolish/ silly / stupid
Ⅰ.foolish 的意思是“愚蠢的、傻的”,指显得缺乏判断力或普通常识的人或言行等。如:
① How foolish of you to condent!你竟会同意,多么愚蠢啊!
② Don’t be so foolish. 别那么傻。
③ He is a foolish man to throw away such a chance. 他放弃这样的机会真是个傻瓜。
Ⅱ.silly的意思是“愚蠢的、傻的”,表示愚蠢到了极点,以致令人发笑或轻视,它还常常表示没有意思、无聊等意义。如:
① How silly of you to do that! 你竟做那件事,多么愚蠢啊!
② That is a silly story. 那是一个无聊的故事。
Ⅲ.stupid的意思是“愚蠢的、笨的”,指智力差,觉察理解力、学习能力等差。它有时可与foolish或silly通用,但其意味最强。如:
① He is a stupid person. 他是个蠢人。
② How stupid of him to overlook such an obvious mistake. 如此明显的错误他居然都没有看出来,多么愚蠢呀!
7. for short/ short for
Ⅰ.for short意为“简称”、“缩写”,是介词词组,常用作状语,如:
① The teacher told Tom to write the text for short. 老师要汤姆缩写课文。
Ⅱ.short for意为“是。。。 。。。的缩写”与be 动词连用,构成系表结构作谓语,如:
① “There’re” is short for “there are”.
8. from now on/ from then on
from now on“从现在起”,是以现在为起点延续下去,谓语通常用将来时态。from then on“从那时起”,是以过去为起点延续下来,谓语通常用过去时态和完成时态。如:
① She is going to live with you from now on. 从现在起我将刻苦学习。
② From then on, he hasn’t seen his uncle again. 从那以后他再也没有看见他叔叔了。
9. game/ match/ race/ sport
Ⅰ. game 主要指决定胜负的游戏,通常有一套规则,凡参加者均须遵守。如:
① After a game on the wports field they often become good friends. 他们在运动场上进行一场比赛之后,常常变成了好朋友。
[注]:说“比赛”, 在英国通常用match,在美国通常用game.另外game 的复数形式一般指大型的国际比赛或综合性体育运动会。如:the Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会。
Ⅱ.match 表示相互间正式的体育比赛、球类比赛,英国人常用。
① They are going to have a volleyball match.他们将进行一场排球赛。
Ⅲ. race 主要用于赛跑、赛车等速度比赛。如:
① Who can win the relay race, Class 3 or Class 4?谁能赢这场接力赛,三班还是四班?
Ⅳ. sport 多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动,如打球,跳高,游泳,钓鱼,打猎,赛马和拳术等。如:
① Swimming is his favourite sport.游泳是他最喜欢的运动项目。
② Skating is one of the winter sports. 滑冰是一个冬季运动项目。
[注]复数形式sports可指运动会。如:
③ He created a new record in high-jump at our school sports.在我们学校的运动会上,他创造了跳高新纪录。
10. gift/ present
Ⅰ.gift“礼物”指较正式的礼物。如:
The watch was a gift from his father.
Ⅱ.present往往与gift通用,但不如gift正式。如:
① I’m buying it for a present, so please wrap it up nicely. 我买这东西是作礼物送人的,请你包扎得好一点。
② He gave me the book as a present. 他给我这本书作为礼物。