动词不定式-高中英语重点语法
动词不定式 - 高中英语重点语法:
一、单项选择
1.Most importantly, the elderly are usually the first ________ the food because they are well ________ in China.
A.to taste; to respect
B.to taste; respected
C.tasting; to respect
D.tasting; respected
【答案】B
考查非谓语动词和语态。句意:最重要的是,老年人通常是第一个品尝食物的人,因为他们在中国很受尊敬。第一空,the first后跟不定式作后置定语;第二空,主语they与respect构成被动关系,应用过去分词和are构成被动语态。故选B。
2.I didn’t mean________ you, but I had promised Jim that I wouldn’t tell you where he had been.
A.having cheated
B.cheating
C.to cheat
D.cheated
【答案】C
考查动词不定式。句意:我不是有意欺骗你,但我答应过Jim,我不会告诉你他去了哪里。固定短语mean to do sth.“打算做某事”,根据I had promised Jim可知此处表示“我不是有意欺骗你”。故选C项。
3.______ people’s living standard, the local government has taken a series of effective measures.
A.Improve
B.Improving
C.Having improved
D.To improve
【答案】D
考查非谓语动词。句意:为了提高人民生活水平,当地政府采取了一系列有效措施。分析句子可知,句中有谓语动词“has taken”且句中无连词,故空格处应用非谓语动词,“提高人民生活水平”是当地政府采取了一系列有效措施的目的,故空格处应用动词不定式作目的状语,“improve”意为“改进,改善”,动词词性,不定式符号“to”后接动词原形,句首单词首字母大写。故选D项。
4.
A: Is your younger brother studying hard?
B: Yes, he seems ________ hard now.
A.study
B.studying
C.to be studying
D.to have studied
【答案】C
考查非谓语动词。句意:A:你弟弟学习努力吗?B:是的,他现在似乎学习很努力。根据now可知,此处使用seem to be doing sth“似乎正在做某事”符合句意。故选C项。
5.At first I didn’t know ________ the computer on.
A.what to switch
B.what to be switching
C.how to switch
D.how to be switching
【答案】C
考查疑问词+动词不定式。句意:起初我不知道如何打开电脑。分析句子可知,本句为“疑问词+动词不定式 ”作宾语,再结合句意表示“如何”,所以疑问词为how。故选C项。
6.There is nothing for us to do except ________ the meeting.
A.to put off
B.put off
C.putting off
D.to be put off
【答案】B
考查非谓语动词。句意:除了推迟会议,我们没有什么事可做。put off为固定短语,意为“推迟”。except为介词,表示“除......以外”,一般情况下,它们可以与带to的动词不定式连用,但是当他们的面前出现实意动词do及其相关形式时,其后接不带to的动词不定式。本题except前面有实意动词do,因此后接put off。故选B项。
7.I was ________ her at the railway station this morning,but I had to attend an important meeting.
A.to have met
B.to meet
C.meeting
D.having met
【答案】A
考查非谓语动词。句意:我本来今天早上要去火车站接她的,但是我得去参加一个重要的会议。be +动词不定式(即be + to do sth.),表示按计划或安排要做的事;be to have done sth.表示计划要做但未曾实现的计划。结合句中but I had to attend an important meeting可知,因为我有一个重要的会议要参加,所以早上计划在火车站接她的事情并未实现,所以此处要用be to have done的形式,选项A符合题意,故选A。
8.The way he thought of ________ the problem failed in the end.
A.to work out
B.working out
C.work out
D.being worked out
【答案】A
考查动词不定式。句意:他想到的解决问题的方法最终失败了。该复合句的主句是“The way failed in the end.”。“he thought of”是定语从句,修饰先行词the way,所以不应该考虑介词of后接动名词的情况,而应用动词不定式作后置定语来修饰the way,表示“做某事的办法”。故选A。
9.He turned on the channel, only ________ that the basketball match between China and America was over.
A.to find
B.to be found
C.finding
D.having found
【答案】A
考查非谓语动词。句意:他打开电视,却发现中美的篮球赛已经结束了。此处为only to do结构,表示“不料竟会……”,为不定式作结果状语。故选A。
10.Once the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland ________.
A.recover
B.to recover
C.recovered
D.recovering
【答案】B
考查非谓语动词。句意:一旦造成破坏,农田将需要许多年才能恢复。分析句子可知,句中涉及固定句型“It will take+一段时间+for…to do sth.”,意为“……将需要花费一段时间做某事”,句中“it”为形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式短语,不定式符号“to”后接动词原形,“recover”意为“恢复”,动词词性,故空格处应用“to recover”。故选B项。
二、用单词的适当形式完成句子
11.After school, I try to use any possible time________ (revise) the things I have learnt during the day. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to revise
考查非谓语动词。句意:放学后,我尽量利用任何可能的时间来复习我在白天学到的东西。用动词不定式表示目的,做状语。故填to revise。
12.Both of them are too stubborn ________ (agree) on a plan. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to agree
考查非谓语动词。句意:他们俩都很固执,无法就一项计划达成一致。too...to do...为固定搭配,表示“太……而不能……”,其中不定式to do为结果状语,符合句意。故填to agree。
13.The exhibition is expected ________ (begin) in February next year. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to begin
考查非谓语动词。句意:这个展览有望在明年的二月份开展。sth be expected to do (有望做某事),其中to do sth做主语补足语。故填to begin。
14.I was too young ________ (know) how to solve the problem.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to know
考查固定用法。句意:我太小还不知道如何解决这个问题。too+形容词+to do是固定搭配,表示“太......而不能做......”,故填to know。
15.There were many people in the hospital, so I was made ________ (wait) four hours before I was examined by a doctor. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to wait
考查固定短语。句意:医院里有很多人,所以我不得不等了四个小时才接受医生的检查。分析句子可知,句中涉及固定短语“sb. be made to do sth.”,意为“某人被迫做某事”,是“made sb. do sth.”的被动形式,句中应用动词不定式作主语补足语,此时不省略不定式符号“to”,“wait”意为“等待”,动词词性,不定式符号“to”后接动词原形。故填to wait。
16.Spending too much time online makes it difficult ________ (focus) on studies. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to focus
考查动词不定式。句意:花太多的时间上网会使你很难集中精力学习。make it + adj. to do sth. (使得做某事……),it形式宾语,动词不定式是真正宾语,该空用动词不定式(to do)形式。故填to focus。
17.I volunteered ________ (serve) as a tour guide in Sanya last summer. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to serve
考查非谓语动词。句意:去年夏天我在三亚志愿当导游。volunteer to do是固定短语“志愿做某事”不定式做宾语。故填to serve。
18.Maria is constantly making efforts; she deserves ________ (achieve) the goal of entering the key university. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to achieve
考查固定短语。句意:玛丽亚在不断地努力;她应该实现进入重点大学的目标。deserve to do sth.为固定短语,“值得做某事”,不定式作宾语。故答案为to achieve。
19.My dream is ________ (enter) a key university. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to enter
考查非谓语动词。句意:我的梦想是进入重点大学。动词不定式放在be 动词之后作表语,通常说明或解释主语的内容,故填to enter。
20.There are guided tours to the active volcano, giving travelers a chance ________(see) nature itself. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to see
考查非谓语动词。句意:有带导游的旅游团去活火山,让游客有机会看到大自然本身。分析句子结构可知,此处为非谓语动词。根据句意可知,此处表达“一次来看大自然的机会”,所以用不定式to see作定语修饰名词chance。故填to see。
21.Many teenagers prefer ________ (be) a couch potato rather than do more exercise to lose weight. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to be
考查固定短语。句意:许多青少年宁愿成为一个电视迷,也不愿意做更多的运动来减肥。根据句意此处为固定短语prefer to do A rather than do B,“与做B事相比更喜欢做A”,不定式作宾语。故填to be。
22.The members of the union will meet tomorrow in an attempt ________(reach) a settlement. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to reach
考查非谓语动词。句意:工会成员明天会面,试图达成和解。此处不定式作定语,修饰名词attempt,in an attempt to do sth.“试图做某事”。故填to reach。
23.It is well-known that Han Hong has done quantities of charity devotion,and its hard________ (evaluate )her just as a singer. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to evaluate
考查非谓语动词。句意:众所周知,韩红做了大量的慈善事业,仅仅作为一个歌手很难评价她。本句考查“it is +adj. + to do sth.”结构,句中it作形式主语,真正的主语为不定式结构。故填to evaluate。
24.We will do whatever we can ________ (help) the victims of the earthquake. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to help
考查非谓语动词。句意:我们将尽一切努力帮助地震灾民。分析句子结构可知help在句中应用非谓语动词形式,此处作目的状语,应用不定式。故填to help。
25.It was the professor rather than his assistant that was ________ (blame) for what had happened in the lab. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to blame
考查固定短语。句意:是教授而不是他的助手应为实验室里发生的事情负责。be to blame“为……负责”是固定短语,在句子中作表语,为主动形式表示被动含义,分析句子可知,句子是强调句型,主语是the professor rather than his assistant 。根据句意,故填to blame。
26.The reason why Yang Liwei is famous in China is that he is the first Chinese astronaut ________ (go) into space. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to go
考查不定式。句意:杨利伟在中国著名的原因是他是第一个进入太空的中国宇航员。分析句子可知,“(go) into space” 作后置定语,修饰the first Chinese astronaut,中心词由序数词修饰用不定式作后置定语,故填to go。
27.With a lot of homework ________ (finish) last weekend, Tom didn’t go to the movies with his friends. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to finish
考查非谓语动词。句意:汤姆上周末有很多作业要完成,所以他没有和朋友一起去看电影。分析句子可知,句中涉及“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,在句中作状语,根据句意可知,句中“完成”的动作还未发生,故空格处应用不定式作宾补,表示尚未发生的动作,“finish”意为“完成”,动词词性,不定式符号“to”后接动词原形。故填to finish。
28.My hair needs ________ (cut) during National Day. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】cutting/to be cut
考查非谓语动词。句意:我要在国庆节期间剪头发。need doing/to be done为固定用法,此处need作“需要”讲。故填cutting/to be cut。
29.She was anxious ________ (go) home as soon as possible, for her little son had a high fever.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to go
考查固定短语。句意:她急于尽快回家,因为她的小儿子发了高烧。短语be anxious to,意为“急于……”,根据句意,故填to go。
30.I have tried everything I can _________________ (persuade) him to stay but he didn’t listen to me.
【答案】to persuade
考查非谓语动词。句意:我已尽一切努力劝他留下来,但他不听我的。分析句子可知,句中有谓语动词“have tried”,故空格处应用非谓语动词,“劝他留下来”是我努力的目的,由此可知,空格处应用动词不定式作目的状语,“persuade”意为“劝说”,动词词性,不定式符号“to”后接动词原形。故填to persuade。
三、选用适当的单词或短语补全句子
A.adapt to B.make out C.used to D.come up with E. get away from
31.Human beings will continue to _______ the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways.
32.His mother had thought it would be good for his character to _____home and earn some money on his own.
33.Kate heard a man’s voice in the background, but she couldn’t _______ what he was saying.
34.Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea. This is what my mother _______tell me.
35.Although against my opinion, the old professor didn’t _______his own.
【答案】
31.A 考查固定短语。句意:人类将继续以普通和惊人的方式适应不断变化的气候。分析句子可知,句中涉及固定短语“adapt to…”,意为“适应……”,“continue to do sth.”意为“继续做某事”,“to”后接动词原形。故选A项。
32.E 考查固定短语。句意:他母亲曾认为,离开家,自己挣钱对他的性格有好处。分析句子可知,句中涉及固定短语“get away from…”,意为“离开……”,句中“it”作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式短语,不定式符号“to”后接动词原形。故选E项。
33.B 考查固定短语。句意:凯特在后台听到一个男人的声音,但她听不清他在说什么。分析句子可知,句中涉及固定短语“make out”,意为“听出,弄清”,“couldn’t”为情态动词,后接动词原形。故选B项。
34.C 考查固定短语。句意:每次你吃甜食时,喝绿茶。这是我妈妈过去常告诉我的。分析句子可知,句中涉及固定短语“used to do sth.”,意为“过去常常做某事”,句中指我妈妈“过去常”告诉我。故选C项。
35.D 考查固定短语和时态。句意:尽管与我的意见相反,这位老教授并没有提出自己的观点。根据句意和句中“didn’t”可知,句子陈述的是过去发生的事,为一般过去时,句中涉及固定短语“come up with…”,意为“提出(计划、想法等)”,“didn’t”后接动词原形。故选D项。
四、完成句子
36.老师教我们如何做动作,然后我们试着做。
The teacher showed us ________ ________ ________, and then we tried.
【答案】how to move
考查“疑问词+to do”。根据句意可知,此处用“疑问词+to do”作动词show的宾语,结合句意,故填①how ②to ③move。
37.很抱歉让你等了这么久,但我今天真的很忙。
I am sorry ________, but I am really busy today.
【答案】to have kept you waiting for such a long time
【详解】
考查固定短语。表示“抱歉……”短语为be sorry to do sth.,此处强调动作完成应用to have done形式;表示“让某人等这么久”短语为keep sb. waiting for such a long time。故填to have kept you waiting for such a long time。
38.It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine ________ .
中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一个荣誉。
【答案】to be spread around the world
考查非谓语动词。it做形式主语,动词不定式做真正主语,表示“传播”应用spread,药物和传播是被动关系,用不定式的被动语态,全世界是around the world。故填to be spread around the world。
39.我们尚未决定什么时候再讨论这个问题。(主语+谓语+宾语)
We havent decided ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
【答案】when to discuss the problem again
考查特殊疑问词+不定式用法。由句意可知,空白处要表达“什么时候再讨论这个问题”,在句中作宾语,可用宾语从句,也可用特殊疑问词+不定式的结构,表“何时”用when,“再次讨论这个问题”译为discuss the problem again。故填when to discuss the problem again。
40.My dream is ________ my own company after I ________ the university.
我的梦想就是大学毕业后建立我自己的公司。
【答案】to set up/start graduate from
考查短语。根据句意可知,设空处的内容分别为“建立”和“毕业”。表示“建立”用短语set up或者动词start;分析可知,第一空在句中为表语,所以此处可以用不定式作表语,表示打算。所以填to start/set up;表示“毕业”用短语graduate from,结合句意,句子的时态为一般现在时,第二空前主语为I,所以填原形。故填①to set up/start②graduate from。
41.周围很多人在闲聊,我发现很难集中注意力在学习上。
I find it hard to________ ________ my studies with some people having small talks around me.
【答案】concentrate on
考查动词短语和非谓语动词。表示“集中注意力”应用动词短语concentrate on。find+it+adj.+to do为固定用法,it为形式宾语,动词不定式为真正的宾语,已有to,空处填动词原形。故填concentrate;on。
42.在高中有很多东西可以去探索,我感到比早上自信得多。
There is a lot to ________ at senior high, I feel much more ________ than I felt this morning.
【答案】explore confident
考查动词和形容词。根据汉语提示和句子结构可知,“探索”应用explore,第一空位于不定式to后面,to explore作a lot的定语,所以应用动词原形。根据句意和空处前后可知,此处是形容词作表语,根据more可知此空填形容词confident的原形,故填explore和confident。
43.努力改善工厂工人的工作条件是值得做的事情。
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________improve working conditions for factory workers.
【答案】It is worthwhile to
考查固定句式。固定句式It is worthwhile to do sth意为“值得做某事”,其中it是形式主语,后面的不定式才是真正的主语。句中要填It is worthwhile to。
44.这个人很难决定吃什么。
The man is having trouble ______________________________.
【答案】(in) deciding what to eat
考查固定短语。根据汉语和英语提示可知,此处考查短语have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有麻烦,“决定吃什么”decide what to eat,用特殊疑问词+不定式作为decide的宾语。故填(in) deciding what to eat。
45.中国的天问一号火星探测器成为中国第一个登陆地球以外行星的航天探测器。
China’s Tianwen 1 Mars probe became the country’s first probe ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ other than Earth.
【答案】to land on a planet
考查非谓语动词、名词和固定短语。根据汉语意思和英文提示可知,句中有“became”且句中无连词,故空格处应用非谓语动词,“probe”前有序数词“first”修饰,故空格处应用动词不定式作后置定语,修饰“probe”,“land on”意为“登陆,降落于……”,不定式符号“to”后接动词原形,“planet”意为“行星”,为可数名词,句中泛指一个行星,用不定冠词“a”修饰,“a planet”作“land on”的宾语。故填to land on a planet。
五、汉译英(整句)
46.尽管如此,我学会了如何用英语和欧美人交流。(communicate)(汉译英)
【答案】Despite this, I learned how to communicate with Europeans and Americans in English.
考查介词和不定式。句意:尽管如此,我学会了如何用英语和欧美人交流。分析句子可知,介词despite“尽管”,后接this作宾语;“如何用英语和欧美人交流”可翻译为“how to communicate with Europeans and Americans in English”,其中特殊疑问词how+不定式作learn的宾语;结合句子我学会了,故一般过去时,故句子可翻译为Despite this, I learned how to communicate with Europeans and Americans in English。
47.我们要努力创造充分发挥潜能的机会。(effort) (汉译英)
【答案】We need to make efforts to create opportunities to realize our full potential.
考查短语、时态和非谓语动词。need to do sth.需要做某事;make efforts to do sth.努力做某事。句中用不定式to realize our full potential.后置定语。陈述客观事实,用一般现在时。根据句意,故翻译为We need to make efforts to create opportunities to realize our full potential.
48.政府已采取有效措施来控制房价上涨。(adopt)(汉译英)
【答案】The government has adopted effective measures to control the rising housing price.
考查名词、形容词、短语和时态。表示“政府”应用名词government;表示“已采取”译为has adopted,根据句意可知这里应用现在完成时;表示“有效措施”短语为effective measures,measure为可数名词,在此应用复数形式作宾语;表示“来控制房价上涨”短语为to control the rising housing price,to do不定式表目的,rising意为“上升的”,housing price意为“房价”。故翻译为The government has adopted effective measures to control the rising housing price。
49.他觉得帮助他人是他的责任。(it作形式宾语)(汉译英)
【答案】He feels it his duty to help others.
考查时态、代词和非谓语动词。句中用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语为不定式to help others。陈述客观事实,用一般现在时。主语he为第三人称单数,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。根据句意,故翻译为He feels it his duty to help others.
50.当老师进来时,他假装正在看书。(pretend)(汉译英)
【答案】He pretended to be reading a book when the teacher came in.
考查固定短语和时态。分析可知,句子描述过去的动作,时态用一般过去时,“当老师进来时”用when引导时间状语从句,是when the teacher came in,“假装正在做某事”是固定短语pretend to be doing, “读书”是read a book;因此整个句子翻译为“He pretended to be reading a book when the teacher came in”,故答案为He pretended to be reading a book when the teacher came in。
来源:本文转载自沃德英语,贵在分享,版权归原作者原出处所有。