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1)单独的不定式、动名词以及从句作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数
例句:Schooling is a specific,formalized process.
学校教育是一种具体的、正规化的过程。
例句:To live in hearts we leave behind is not to die.
死后仍活在人们心中的人,虽死犹生。
例句:What the world really needs is more love and less paper work.
这个世界真正需要的是多一点爱心,少一些表面工作。
如果多个非谓语动词连在一起表达同一概念,谓语动词用单数形式;如果表达不同概念,谓语动词用复数。
例句:To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.
早睡早起是好习惯。
例句:To work and to live are two different things but they are always together.
工作和说是两件不同的事情,但它们永远相伴。
2)不定代词one、every、each、everybody、everyone、one of、no one、nothing、nobody、someone、somebody、either、neither、many a等作主语或修饰主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数
例句:Many astudent takes a walk on campus after dinner.
许多学生晚饭后常在校园里散步。
例句:Every boy and girl shows great interest in extra curriculum activities.
所有的男孩和女孩对课外活动都表现出很大的兴趣。
3)表示国家、机构、事件、作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数
例句:One Thousand And One Nights tells people lots of mysterious folklore.
《一千零一夜》给人们讲了许多的神秘的民间传说。
例句:The United States attracts many brilliant young men all over the world every year.
美国每年吸引许多来自世界各地的优秀青年。
例句:The United Nations plays an important role in the international affairs.
联合国在国际事务中起着重要作用。
4)a portion of、a series of、a kind of、the number of等与名词构成名词短语作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数
例句:A whole series of accidents has happened on this stretch of road recently.
近来这个路段发生了一连串事故。
例句:The number of printing mistakes in some recent books often surprises people even to death.
近来一些书籍里印刷错误之多让人吃惊得要死。
例句:Asubstantial portion of the reports is missing.
这些报告都没有涉及问题的实质。
例句:A kind of herb in the forest smells very pleasant.
这片森林里有一种药草香气宜人。
5)由some、several、both、few、many、a number of等词修饰可数名词作主语,或是由它们自身表示可数名词作主语时应看作复数,谓语动词用复数。另外,由and连接两个主语时,谓语一般用复数,但如果两个并列的单数主语在意义上指同一人、同一事物或同一概念,动词须用单数
例句:On the seashore,some people are playing volleyball and some are lying in the sun.
在海边,有些人在打排球,有些人躺着晒太阳。
例句:Both of us like Shakespeare s works very much.
我们俩都很喜欢莎士比亚的作品。
例句:A number of will-be graduates are voluntarily going to work in the West of China.
许多即将毕业的学生志愿去中国西部工作。
例句:Truth and honesty is the best policy.
真诚为上策。
例句:A smile and handshake show welcome.
微笑和握手表示欢迎。
例句:Bread and butter is healthful good.
涂油黄油的面包是一种有益于健康的食物。
例句:The poet and writer has produced many books.
这个是人兼作家写出了很多作品。
And所连接的表示同一概念的短语有:
A horse and cart 马车
A knife and fork 刀叉
A cup and saucer 茶盘
A watch and chain 手表
Bread and butter 涂有黄油的面包
The poet and the writer则表示“诗人和作家”两个人,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;而“the poet and writer”则表示“诗人兼作家”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
6)a lot of、most of、any of、half of、three fifths of、eighty percent of、some of、none of、the rest of、all of等后接不可数名词或是单数形式的名词作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数;但如果后接可数名词的复数形式作主语时应看作复数,谓语动词用复数
例句:A lot of money in the shop was stolen yesterday when the electricity was suddenly cut off.
昨天突然断电时,那家商店被偷了许多钱。
例句:Some of books about investment fund have been published recently.
最近出版了许多关于投资基金的书籍。
例句:Many people present at the meeting were from the US,many from the UK and the rest were from China.
出席这次会议的很多人来自美国和英国,其他的来自中国。
例句:A friend walks in when the rest of the world walks out.
别人都走开的时候,朋友仍与你在一起。
例句:The first part of the lecture was vivid but the remaining was dull.
讲座的前半部分很生动,剩下的部分却非常枯燥。
例句:Part of his story was not true.
他的故事有一部分不是真的。
例句:Part of the foreign teachers in our school are from Canada.
我们学校的部分外教来自加拿大。
7)以-s结尾的海峡、山脉、群岛等作主语时,谓语动词常用复数形式
例句:The straits of Gibraltar haven t lost their strategical importance.
直布罗陀海峡尚未丧失其战略上的重要地位。
例句:The Himalayas extend along the border of India and China.
喜马拉雅山脉沿中印边境延伸。
8)量词修饰由对应两部分组成的名词
①一些由两个部分组成一体的复数名词,如trousers、pants、glasses、scissors等作主语时,前面若无a pair of、a suit of、a set of、a series of等这类的单位词,通常用作复数,谓语动词用复数。若带有单位词,则由单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式。
例句:This pair of shoes is very expensive.
这双鞋很贵。
例句:My blue trousers have worn out.
我的蓝裤子已经穿破了。
例句:The two pairs of scissors are Hangzhou-made.
这两把剪刀都是杭州制造的。
例句:Two pieces of good news have been published in today s evening paper.
今天的晚报报道了两条好消息。
②特殊量词修饰普通名词
含有pile、mountain、row、mass、cup、basket、box、pack、packet、parcel等词修饰的短语作主语,谓语动词根据修饰语的单复数形式而定。
例句:Piles of rubbish have not only blocked the way,but polluted the air as well.
成堆的垃圾不仅挡住了人的路,而且污染了空气。
例句:A row of willows is lined on one side of the river.
一排柳树长在河的一岸。
例句:Masses of work are to be done to welcome the New Year.
为了迎接新年,我们还有很多工作要做。
例句:A packet of letters needs mailing.
一包信需要寄出。
9)such作主语时谓语动词的单复数形式应该根据其意义而定
例句:Such is Stephen Hawing,who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much.
这就是史蒂芬·霍金,遭受着巨大痛苦但取得巨大成就的人。
例句:Such are the moral dilemmas that we are now faced with.
这就是我们现在所面临的道德困境。
例句:Such as have plenty of money want more money.
那些有许多钱的人还想要更多的钱。
10)以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语
以-ics结尾的表示学科名称的名词作主语时,谓语用单数。
例句:Mathematics is the science of numbers.
数学是数字的科学。
例句:Politics is often a topic for discussion among us.
政治常常是我们讨论的话题。
例句:Physics is one of the hardest subjects for a middle school student.
物理是中学生感到最难的科目之一。
以-ics结尾的表示学科名称的名词作主语时,若改变词义表示学科能力时,则用复数形式。
例句:Her mathematics are weak.
她的数学很差。
11)表示数量、价格、时间、长度的复数名词等作主语
表示时间、距离、金额、重量等的复数名词作主语,通常看作整体,谓语用单数。
例句:Two hours is a long time to take over a coffee.
两个小时喝杯咖啡的时间足够长了。
例句:Two pounds was missing from the till.
钱柜里的钱丢了十镑。
例句:Seven hundred miles is a long distance.
七百英里是一段很长的距离。
12)有些以-sh、-ese、-ch结尾的表示国家、民族的形容词与the连用时表示复数含义,谓语动词用复数
例句:The French are fond of champagne.
法国人喜欢香槟酒。
例句:The English like to be with their families at Christmas.
英国人喜欢在圣诞节与家人团聚。
例句:The Chinese area hard-working people.
中华民族是一个勤劳的民族。
13)a quality (of)、(large) quantities (of)作主语或其修饰的名词作主语,其谓语动词应根据quantity的单复数形式而定
例句:Quantities of money are needed to equip the laboratory.
实验室安装设备需要很多钱。
例句:A quantity of Christmas gifts has been bought for the children.
我们为儿童买了大量的圣诞礼物。
14)两数相加、相乘,谓语动词可用单数形式,也可用复数形式;两数相减、相除,此时谓语动词只能用单数形式
例句:Ten and five is/are/makes/make/equal/equals/is equal to/are equal to fifteen.
10加5等于15.
例句:Five times eight is/are/makes/make/equal/equals/is equal to/are equal to forty.
5乘以8等于40。
例句:10 minus 5 is/leaves/makes/equals/is equal to 5.
10减去5等于5。
例句:Twelve divided by 4 is/makes/equals/is equal to 3.
12除以4等于3。
15)“more than one+单数名词”尽管意义上是复数,但因中心词是单数形式,谓语也须用单数以符合语法上一致的原则。在“more+复数名词+than one”结构之后,谓语常用复数
例句:More than one person was injured in the accident.
不止一人在这起事故中受伤。
例句:More than one way has been tried to stop noise pollution.
已经试过了很多制止噪音污染的方法。
例句:More members than one are against the proposal.
反对这项提议的会员不止一个。
16)定语从句中的谓语一致
①依先行词而定
定语从句中的谓语动词应视先行词的单复数而定,先行词是单数,定语从句中的谓语动词也用单数形式;先行词是复数形式,定语从句中的谓语动词也用复数形式。
例句:Those (people)who are for this plan are to sign your names right on this paper.
同意这个计划的在这张纸上签名。
例句:I will always treasure the moments that werefull of pleasures.
我将永远珍惜充满快乐的时光。
例句:The news that has been published in today s newspaper isn t true.
今天报纸上发布的新闻不是真的。
②“one of+复数名词”结构后的定语从句
One of+复数名词+关系代词+谓语动词复数形式;the (only) one of+复数名词+关系代词+谓语动词单数形式。
例句:Jeff is one of the journalists who were awarded.
杰夫是当时受嘉奖的新闻记者之一。
(本句的先行词是the journalists,即所修饰的中心词为the journalists,因此谓语动词应根据the journalists而定。)
Jeff is the only one of the journalists who was awarded.
杰夫是唯一受嘉奖的新闻记者。
(本句的中心词移到了the only one,因此定语从句的谓语动词需根据the only one而定。)